Compare · 014

The runtime query builder: MySQL and ClickHouse

Every file of the MySQL and ClickHouse versions side by side, with the lines that differ marked. 4 parameter or column types differ in Go.

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Configuration

sgl.yamldiffers
MySQL
ClickHouse
1version: 1
1version: 1
2
2
3databases:
3databases:
4 - name: pier
4 - name: pier
5 dialect: mysql
5 dialect: clickhouse
6 migrations: db/migrations
6 migrations: db/migrations
7 queries: db/queries
7 queries: db/queries
8 go:
8 go:
9 package: store
9 package: store
10 out: internal/store
10 out: internal/store

Migrations

db/migrations/0001_lost_property.up.sqldiffers
MySQL
ClickHouse
1CREATE TABLE lost_property (
1CREATE TABLE lost_property (
2 id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
2 id UInt64,
3 item VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
3 item String,
4 colour VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
4 colour String,
5 found_at VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
5 found_at String,
6 days_held INT NOT NULL,
6 days_held UInt32,
7 claimed BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
7 claimed Bool DEFAULT false,
8 owner_phone VARCHAR(20)
8 owner_phone Nullable(String)
9);
9) ENGINE = MergeTree() ORDER BY id;
db/migrations/0001_lost_property.down.sqlidentical
MySQL
ClickHouse
1DROP TABLE lost_property;
1DROP TABLE lost_property;

Queries

HandIndiffers
MySQL · db/queries/lost_property.sql
ClickHouse · db/queries/lost_property.sql
1-- sgl.query(HandIn, exec)
1-- sgl.query(HandIn, exec)
2INSERT INTO lost_property (item, colour, found_at, days_held) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?);
2INSERT INTO lost_property (id, item, colour, found_at, days_held)
3VALUES ({id:UInt64}, {item:String}, {colour:String}, {found_at:String}, {days_held:UInt32});
Claimdiffers
MySQL · db/queries/lost_property.sql
ClickHouse · db/queries/lost_property.sql
1-- sgl.query(Claim, execrows)
1-- sgl.query(Claim, asyncexec)
2UPDATE lost_property SET claimed = TRUE, owner_phone = ? WHERE id = ?;
2ALTER TABLE lost_property
3UPDATE claimed = true, owner_phone = {owner_phone:Nullable(String)}
4WHERE id = {id:UInt64};
SearchUnclaimeddiffers
MySQL · db/queries/lost_property.sql
ClickHouse · db/queries/lost_property.sql
1-- sgl.query(SearchUnclaimed, many, dynamic: runtime)
1-- sgl.query(SearchUnclaimed, many, dynamic: runtime)
2SELECT id, item, colour, found_at, days_held
2SELECT id, item, colour, found_at, days_held
3FROM lost_property
3FROM lost_property
4WHERE claimed = FALSE
4WHERE claimed = false

What sgl generates

HandIndiffers
MySQL
ClickHouse
1func (queries *Queries) HandIn(ctx context.Context, params HandInParams) error
1func (queries *Queries) HandIn(ctx context.Context, params HandInParams) error
2
2
3type HandInParams struct {
3type HandInParams struct {
4 ID uint64
4 Item string
5 Item string
5 Colour string
6 Colour string
6 FoundAt string
7 FoundAt string
7 DaysHeld int32
8 DaysHeld uint32
8}
9}
Claimdiffers
MySQL
ClickHouse
1func (queries *Queries) Claim(ctx context.Context, params ClaimParams) (int64, error)
1func (queries *Queries) Claim(ctx context.Context, params ClaimParams) error
2
2
3type ClaimParams struct {
3type ClaimParams struct {
4 OwnerPhone *string
4 OwnerPhone *string
5 ID int64
5 ID uint64
6}
6}
SearchUnclaimeddiffers
MySQL
ClickHouse
1func (queries *Queries) SearchUnclaimed() *SearchUnclaimedBuilder
1func (queries *Queries) SearchUnclaimed() *SearchUnclaimedBuilder
2
2
3type SearchUnclaimedRow struct {
3type SearchUnclaimedRow struct {
4 ID int64 `json:"id"`
4 ID uint64 `json:"id"`
5 Item string `json:"item"`
5 Item string `json:"item"`
6 Colour string `json:"colour"`
6 Colour string `json:"colour"`
7 FoundAt string `json:"found_at"`
7 FoundAt string `json:"found_at"`
8 DaysHeld int32 `json:"days_held"`
8 DaysHeld uint32 `json:"days_held"`
9}
9}

The program

example.godiffers
MySQL
ClickHouse
1package main
1package main
2
2
3import (
3import (
4 "context"
4 "context"
5 "database/sql"
5 "database/sql"
6 "errors"
6 "errors"
7 "fmt"
7 "fmt"
8 "io"
8 "io"
9
9
10 "seagull.sh/seagull/examples/mysql/014_runtime_builder/internal/store"
10 "seagull.sh/seagull/examples/clickhouse/014_runtime_builder/internal/store"
11)
11)
12
12
13// run searches the pier's unclaimed lost property. dynamic: runtime turns SearchUnclaimed
13// run searches the pier's unclaimed lost property. dynamic: runtime turns SearchUnclaimed
14// into a builder: Where, OrderBy, Limit and Offset add to the SQL, and All, One or Count
14// into a builder: Where, OrderBy, Limit and Offset add to the SQL, and All, One or Count
15// run it. The base query already has WHERE claimed = FALSE, so each Where is joined with
15// run it. The base query already has WHERE claimed = false, so each Where is joined with
16// AND, which sgl vet points out as hint Q022. The builder inserts its filters, order and
16// AND, which sgl vet points out as hint Q022. The builder inserts its filters, order and
17// limit at the places the query leaves for them, before any LIMIT or trailing semicolon,
17// limit at the places the query leaves for them, before any LIMIT or trailing semicolon,
18// and Count replaces the SELECT list with COUNT(*), wrapping the whole query instead when
18// and Count replaces the SELECT list with COUNT(*), wrapping the whole query instead when
19// it groups or is DISTINCT (Q023).
19// it groups or is DISTINCT (Q023).
20//
20//
21// The builder is safe with untrusted input. Where and OrderBy accept only the columns the
21// The builder is safe with untrusted input. Where and OrderBy accept only the columns the
22// query selects, so owner_phone, which the table has but the query leaves out, cannot be
22// query selects, so owner_phone, which the table has but the query leaves out, cannot be
23// searched. Operators and directions come from fixed allow-lists, and every value is
23// searched. Operators and directions come from fixed allow-lists, and every value is
24// bound as a parameter, never written into the SQL. A refused input does not panic: the
24// bound as a parameter, never written into the SQL. A refused input does not panic: the
25// terminal returns ErrSglUnknownColumn, ErrSglUnknownOperator or ErrSglUnknownDirection.
25// terminal returns ErrSglUnknownColumn, ErrSglUnknownOperator or ErrSglUnknownDirection.
26//
26//
27// Claim is an ALTER TABLE ... UPDATE mutation, so it is asyncexec; the connection sets
28// mutations_sync=2, so the claimed phone is gone from the searches that follow.
29//
27// Takes database (*sql.DB) which is a migrated database.
30// Takes database (*sql.DB) which is a migrated database.
28// Takes output (io.Writer) which receives the searches and the refusals.
31// Takes output (io.Writer) which receives the searches and the refusals.
29//
32//
30// Returns error when a query fails or an unsafe input is not refused.
33// Returns error when a query fails or an unsafe input is not refused.
31func run(ctx context.Context, database *sql.DB, output io.Writer) error {
34func run(ctx context.Context, database *sql.DB, output io.Writer) error {
32 queries := store.New(database)
35 queries := store.New(database)
33
36
34 items := []store.HandInParams{
37 items := []store.HandInParams{
35 {Item: "umbrella", Colour: "red", FoundAt: "the pier", DaysHeld: 40},
38 {ID: 1, Item: "umbrella", Colour: "red", FoundAt: "the pier", DaysHeld: 40},
36 {Item: "sunglasses", Colour: "black", FoundAt: "the beach", DaysHeld: 12},
39 {ID: 2, Item: "sunglasses", Colour: "black", FoundAt: "the beach", DaysHeld: 12},
37 {Item: "bucket and spade", Colour: "red", FoundAt: "the beach", DaysHeld: 3},
40 {ID: 3, Item: "bucket and spade", Colour: "red", FoundAt: "the beach", DaysHeld: 3},
38 {Item: "umbrella", Colour: "blue", FoundAt: "the cafe", DaysHeld: 33},
41 {ID: 4, Item: "umbrella", Colour: "blue", FoundAt: "the cafe", DaysHeld: 33},
39 {Item: "phone", Colour: "black", FoundAt: "the pier", DaysHeld: 1},
42 {ID: 5, Item: "phone", Colour: "black", FoundAt: "the pier", DaysHeld: 1},
40 }
43 }
41 for _, item := range items {
44 for _, item := range items {
42 if err := queries.HandIn(ctx, item); err != nil {
45 if err := queries.HandIn(ctx, item); err != nil {
43 return fmt.Errorf("handing in a %s: %w", item.Item, err)
46 return fmt.Errorf("handing in a %s: %w", item.Item, err)
44 }
47 }
45 }
48 }
46 if _, err := queries.Claim(ctx, store.ClaimParams{OwnerPhone: new("07700 900123"), ID: 5}); err != nil {
49 if err := queries.Claim(ctx, store.ClaimParams{OwnerPhone: new("07700 900123"), ID: 5}); err != nil {
47 return fmt.Errorf("claiming the phone: %w", err)
50 return fmt.Errorf("claiming the phone: %w", err)
48 }
51 }
49
52
50 red, err := queries.SearchUnclaimed().Where("colour", "=", "red").All(ctx)
53 red, err := queries.SearchUnclaimed().Where("colour", "=", "red").OrderBy("id", "ASC").All(ctx)
51 if err != nil {
54 if err != nil {
52 return fmt.Errorf("finding red items: %w", err)
55 return fmt.Errorf("finding red items: %w", err)
53 }
56 }
54 fmt.Fprintln(output, "red:")
57 fmt.Fprintln(output, "red:")
55 printItems(output, red)
58 printItems(output, red)
56
59
57 longest, err := queries.SearchUnclaimed().
60 longest, err := queries.SearchUnclaimed().
58 Where("days_held", ">=", 30).
61 Where("days_held", ">=", 30).
59 OrderBy("days_held", "DESC").
62 OrderBy("days_held", "DESC").
60 Limit(2).
63 Limit(2).
61 All(ctx)
64 All(ctx)
62 if err != nil {
65 if err != nil {
63 return fmt.Errorf("finding long-held items: %w", err)
66 return fmt.Errorf("finding long-held items: %w", err)
64 }
67 }
65 fmt.Fprintln(output, "held 30 days or more, longest first:")
68 fmt.Fprintln(output, "held 30 days or more, longest first:")
66 printItems(output, longest)
69 printItems(output, longest)
67
70
68 umbrellas, err := queries.SearchUnclaimed().Where("item", "=", "umbrella").Count(ctx)
71 umbrellas, err := queries.SearchUnclaimed().Where("item", "=", "umbrella").Count(ctx)
69 if err != nil {
72 if err != nil {
70 return fmt.Errorf("counting umbrellas: %w", err)
73 return fmt.Errorf("counting umbrellas: %w", err)
71 }
74 }
72 fmt.Fprintf(output, "unclaimed umbrellas: %d\n", umbrellas)
75 fmt.Fprintf(output, "unclaimed umbrellas: %d\n", umbrellas)
73
76
74 tautology, err := queries.SearchUnclaimed().Where("item", "=", "' OR '1'='1").All(ctx)
77 tautology, err := queries.SearchUnclaimed().Where("item", "=", "' OR '1'='1").All(ctx)
75 if err != nil {
78 if err != nil {
76 return fmt.Errorf("searching for a quoted value: %w", err)
79 return fmt.Errorf("searching for a quoted value: %w", err)
77 }
80 }
78 fmt.Fprintf(output, "items named ' OR '1'='1: %d, as the value is bound, not run\n", len(tautology))
81 fmt.Fprintf(output, "items named ' OR '1'='1: %d, as the value is bound, not run\n", len(tautology))
79
82
80 attempts := []struct {
83 attempts := []struct {
81 label string
84 label string
82 search *store.SearchUnclaimedBuilder
85 search *store.SearchUnclaimedBuilder
83 }{
86 }{
84 {label: "a column the query does not select", search: queries.SearchUnclaimed().Where("owner_phone", "IS NOT NULL", nil)},
87 {label: "a column the query does not select", search: queries.SearchUnclaimed().Where("owner_phone", "IS NOT NULL", nil)},
85 {label: "SQL in a column name", search: queries.SearchUnclaimed().OrderBy("id; DROP TABLE lost_property", "ASC")},
88 {label: "SQL in a column name", search: queries.SearchUnclaimed().OrderBy("id; DROP TABLE lost_property", "ASC")},
86 {label: "an operator outside the allow-list", search: queries.SearchUnclaimed().Where("colour", "= 'red' OR 1=1 --", "red")},
89 {label: "an operator outside the allow-list", search: queries.SearchUnclaimed().Where("colour", "= 'red' OR 1=1 --", "red")},
87 {label: "a direction outside the allow-list", search: queries.SearchUnclaimed().OrderBy("days_held", "DESC; DROP TABLE lost_property")},
90 {label: "a direction outside the allow-list", search: queries.SearchUnclaimed().OrderBy("days_held", "DESC; DROP TABLE lost_property")},
88 }
91 }
89 for _, attempt := range attempts {
92 for _, attempt := range attempts {
90 _, err := attempt.search.All(ctx)
93 _, err := attempt.search.All(ctx)
91 switch {
94 switch {
92 case errors.Is(err, store.ErrSglUnknownColumn), errors.Is(err, store.ErrSglUnknownOperator), errors.Is(err, store.ErrSglUnknownDirection):
95 case errors.Is(err, store.ErrSglUnknownColumn), errors.Is(err, store.ErrSglUnknownOperator), errors.Is(err, store.ErrSglUnknownDirection):
93 fmt.Fprintf(output, "refused %s: %v\n", attempt.label, err)
96 fmt.Fprintf(output, "refused %s: %v\n", attempt.label, err)
94 case err == nil:
97 case err == nil:
95 return fmt.Errorf("%s: got no error, want a refusal", attempt.label)
98 return fmt.Errorf("%s: got no error, want a refusal", attempt.label)
96 default:
99 default:
97 return fmt.Errorf("%s: got %w, want a refusal", attempt.label, err)
100 return fmt.Errorf("%s: got %w, want a refusal", attempt.label, err)
98 }
101 }
99 }
102 }
100 return nil
103 return nil
101}
104}
102
105
103// printItems writes one line per item.
106// printItems writes one line per item.
104//
107//
105// Takes output (io.Writer) which receives the lines.
108// Takes output (io.Writer) which receives the lines.
106// Takes items ([]store.SearchUnclaimedRow) which are the items to print.
109// Takes items ([]store.SearchUnclaimedRow) which are the items to print.
107func printItems(output io.Writer, items []store.SearchUnclaimedRow) {
110func printItems(output io.Writer, items []store.SearchUnclaimedRow) {
108 for _, item := range items {
111 for _, item := range items {
109 fmt.Fprintf(output, " #%d %s %s, found at %s, held %d days\n", item.ID, item.Colour, item.Item, item.FoundAt, item.DaysHeld)
112 fmt.Fprintf(output, " #%d %s %s, found at %s, held %d days\n", item.ID, item.Colour, item.Item, item.FoundAt, item.DaysHeld)
110 }
113 }
111}
114}

Go type differences

The same SQL types map to different Go types, because each database reports them differently.

QueryFieldMySQLClickHouse
HandInparameter days_heldint32uint32
Claimparameter idint64uint64
SearchUnclaimedcolumn idint64uint64
SearchUnclaimedcolumn days_heldint32uint32